![]() ![]() ![]() In the examples below, we will use NGINX Ingress Controller that is developed and maintained by F5 NGINX. A Guide to Choosing an Ingress Controller, Part 4: NGINX Ingress Controller Options.To learn more about Ingress controllers, read the following blogs: Additionally, the Ingress controller is controlled through the Kubernetes API and will monitor and update the load balancing configuration as Pods are added, removed, or fail. The offset to this ease of use is the necessity of providing access to your DNS infrastructure via API token to the cert-manager installation.Īn Ingress controller is a specialized service for Kubernetes that brings traffic from outside the cluster, load balances it to internal Pods (a group of one or more containers), and manages egress traffic. Additionally, DNS-01 can be used when Port 80 is blocked. Unlike the HTTP-01 challenge, when using the DNS-01 challenge, the FQDN does not need to resolve to your server’s IP address (nor even exist). If the token is recognized, you have proved ownership of that domain and can now issue certificates for its records. DNS-01: This challenge creates a DNS TXT record with a token, which is then verified by the issuer.Note that when using HTTP-01 challenges, cert-manager will utilize the Ingress controller to serve the challenge token. This type of challenge is always conducted over Port 80 (HTTP). HTTP-01 is the simplest way to generate a certificate, as it does not require direct access to the DNS provider. If successful, the challenge is passed and the certificate is issued. For example, if your server is at IP and your FQDN is, the challenge mechanism will expose a token on the server at and the Let’s Encrypt servers will attempt to reach it via. ![]() HTTP-01: This challenge can be answered by having a DNS record for the FQDN that you are issuing a certificate.This problem is solved using a challenge, which requires you to answer a verification request that only someone with access to the specific domain’s DNS records can provide. While this provides a great deal of convenience, it also presents a problem: How does the service ensure that you own the fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) in question? When using Let’s Encrypt, all cert management is handled automatically. Although it works with numerous public and private issuers, we will be showing its integration with Let’s Encrypt. Additionally, it will track expiration dates for certificates and attempt renewal at a configured time interval. When deployed in Kubernetes, cert-manager will automatically issue certificates required by Ingress controllers and will ensure they are valid and up-to-date. The cert-manager project is a certificate controller that works with Kubernetes and OpenShift. Kubernetes workloads – such as the NGINX Ingress Controller and cert-manager – can write and read these Secrets, which can also be managed by users who have access to the Kubernetes installation. In Kubernetes, these two components are stored as Secrets. For a full explanation of how TLS certificates work, please see DigiCert’s post How TLS/SSL Certificates Work. The term “TLS certificate” refers to two components required to enable HTTPS connections on our Ingress controller:īoth the certificate and private key are issued by Let’s Encrypt. Certificates in a Kubernetes Environmentīefore we get into technical details, we need to define some terminology. In this blog, you’ll learn to simplify cert management by providing unique, automatically renewed and updated certificates to your endpoints. Here, we will look at a solution for Kubernetes using three technologies: With some planning and preparation, cert management can be automated and streamlined. Given the substantial workload of most Ops teams, cert renewal sometimes falls through the cracks, resulting in a scramble as certificates near – or worse, pass – their expiration date. To maintain secure access, these certificates need to be renewed/reissued prior to their expiration. Certificates have a limited lifetime, ranging from roughly 13 months for certificates from DigiCert to 90 days for Let’s Encrypt certificates. Unfortunately, managing certificate (or cert) renewals is often an afterthought when deploying an application. Valid SSL/TLS certificates are a core requirement of the modern application landscape. ![]()
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